Internal-combustion engine.



H. L. J ONES.

INTERNAL GOMBUSTION ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED 11IAE..22,1909.

lPatmnea Dec. 7, 1909.

HAROLD LANDON JONES, F CARTHAGE, NEW YORK.

INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINE. A

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Dec. 7, 1909.

Application led March 22, 1909. Serial No. 485,116.V

siding atoCarthage, in the county of Jefferson and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements -in ei-nal- Combustion yEngines; .and I do hereby declare the following to be a full,

clear, and. exactdescription of the inven- 't ion, suoli as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the saine, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, and to the letters and figures of reference marked thereon, which form a. part of this specification.

This invention relates to new and useful improvements in internal combustion' engines, and the object in view is to generally improve upon and render more efficient v this type of engines.

alternately conducted to opposite ends of the cylinder and exploded, -thereby giving an impulse to the piston in opposite directions.

Another and an essential feature of the invention consists in the provision of means whereby the gas mixture under `pressure is allowed vto expand within the piston, thus serving as a means .for coolingthe piston and adjacent parts bythe expansion of the gas.

lhe invention comprises variousl details of construction, combinations 'and arrangements of parts as will be hereinafter fully described and then specifically defined 'in `the apilicnded claims.

My invention illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which I have shown ceri ical sectional view through the engine.

Reference now being had to the details of the drawings by letter, A designates the cylinder of the" engine which is securely fastened to the upper section I3 of the compression chan'iber, and C designates the lower end portion of the crank casing which is securely bolted to the sectionV B' as shown. rlie usual crank shaft I) is journaled in suitable bearings in the walls of the crank casing and is connected to the pitman D',

which latter is connected to the compressor head E, working in a suit-able packing ring about the same .within the cylindrical tion ofthe compression chamber.

A partition, designated by letter F, is interposed between the cylinder A and the section B ofthe compression chamber,` and a hollow piston stem G,passes through -a suitable packed stuffing boX in saidpartiportion and has threaded connection 'with the compressor head- E. The lower end of said piston stem is closed Vand is provided with a lateral opening G communicating with an opening H in the circumference ofthe plug I. The plug I is mounted in a threaded aperture H in the head E and has a double induction valve J mounted therein which controls the openings K and K. A coil spring J is mounted uponthe valve stem' J2 and serves to normally seat the valves when'the engine is not running. Said lug I .has a circumferential'opening H W ich is in registration with the openin E', 'whereby communication may be 'ha between the hollow piston and the space above or below the head E, accordingly as one end or the other of said valve is opened.

.An inlet pipe- N communicates with the vchamber N formed in the wall of the section B of the compression chamber and the' lower portion of the chamber N o ens through the port N2 into the portion o the compression chamber beneath the-head E, while the upper portion of the chamber N communicateswith the upper part of the compression vchamber above the head E. A double valve', designated by letter L, has a stem L mounted in a lug L2 Within the chamber N', and springs L3 bearing between the lug L? and the inner ends of the valves serve to normally hold the valves seated when the engine 'is not running. An -apertured valve carrying plug M is mounted within the chamber N opposite the opening through which the fuel is introducedand has a circumferential opening in registration with the pipe N and two openings regulated 'by the double valve L, as shown.

A hollow, piston, designated by letter 0, is mounted within the cylinder and hasan opening in one end in which the hollow piston stem G is fitted, thereby forming l a means of communication between the stem and piston head. Said piston head is suitably packed and is provided with two circumferenti'al ports Q and Q leading through the wall thereof, the former'of which is adjacent to one end Wall of the pisl cylinder, the ends of said duct leading int-o the latter and adapted to communicate alternately with one port Q or the other port as the hollow piston head approaches its limit iii the opposite ends'of the cylinder.

Suitable deflecting plates T project from lthe opposite ends of the piston head and serve as a means to deflect the fuel as `it enters the cylinder at one end or the other of the hollow piston head. An exhaust pipe S leads from an a erture in the wall of the cylinder and a ords means -whereby the product-s of .combustion may bel forced from the cylinder by the inrushing gas as it is admitted alternately to the below the piston head. Sparking plugs, designated by letters P and P', are mounted inthe wall of thecylinder, `one plug adjacent to each en'd and affording means whereby the charges may be alternately exploded first at one end of the cylinder and then at the other, thus giving a working impulse to a hollow piston head at each end o f its outer.

throw, thus 'giving two impulses to each revolution of the crank shaft. v The operation of my engine is as follows.

-By the reciprocation of the head E in the compression chamber, a charge of fuel is drawn within said chamber bythe suction produced within the fchamber, and as the ead E-approaches its limit in either direction, one valve or the other invlsaid headE ywill unseat and allow the charge to .pass through the hollow piston stem G into the hollow piston head O where the Vgases are allowed to expand and by suchexpansion produce a cooling effect upon the adjacent parts, both of the stem and piston andwhich cooling effect, suppleinentedby the external cooling of the. engine,'will serve to prevent the enginefroin overheating. As the piston head() approaches its limit in one direction or the other, communication will be opened between the hollow piston head and one end or ythe other of the cylinder, thus allowing thefuel to enter the cylinder, and which fuel 4will be compressed upon the throw of the pistonone charge being compressed by the explosion of the other and not lby momentum as is usual with 'the ordinary en gine. In the drawing, the hollow piston is shown as approaching its farthestr limit downward with communication between the interior of the piston and the portion of the cylinder above said piston, thus allowing the gasified fuel to enter the cylinder. Upon the downward tlirow'of the piston,

` the fuel underneath the same will be coniend of the cylinder. Vhen the piston (Y) ap-l Apreaches the position shown in the drawcylinder above or.

ings, the charge below the latter is com; pressed and fired and the port Q will be in registration with the port R allowing ya charge-of fuel to ass into the upper' portion of the cylinder after the end of the cylinder has been scavenged and, upon the upper throw of the piston,'the charge in advance of the cylinder will be compressed 'and fired and the lower end of the cylinder will be scavenged. When the port Q comes into registration with the duct R, the gaseous fuel within the hollow piston will force out the products of combustion in the space below the hollow piston through the exhaust port, and the moment the piston closes the exhaust port, the gases underneath said piston will be compressed.I `It will, therefore,

be noted that alternate Aworking impulses will be imparted to the hollow piston as it approaches its limit in opposite directions, affording means for balancing the engine and increasing its power and dispensing with the requirement of a fly wheel.

By the provision of the manner of introducing the fuel through the hollow stein and piston, which serves as 'an inlet valve, the piston and stem will be cooled by the expansion of yases'andl two impulses will be im-A parted to the piston at each/revolution of the crank shaft, v.thus preventing lost inotion of the piston. The mixture of air and fuel is v taken vinto the compression chamber below ten'iperature of the atmosphere and conipressed and, as it passes through the piston rod or stem iiito the hollow pistoii,.the coinpressed mixture eipands, and which sudden expansion will produce a low temperature 'which will have a tendency to etl'ectually cool both the piston stein and adjacent parts and, owing to the gas constantly charging, all whipping of saine is prevented. 1

lVliat I claim to be new is Y 1. An internal coi'nbustion'engine a cylinder chambers, a hollow piston within said cylinder and adapted to communica-te with the latter as the piston approaches its limit in opposite directions, af -plug adjacent to each end of.,tl i ,ahollow piston stein fastenedf-to i'unicating with said piston, a con'ipre. d separat-- a cylinder anda plurality of compression chambers, a hollow piston within said 'cyliiif der and adapted to communicate with the latter as the piston approaches its` limit in opposite directions, a sparking plug adjacent to each end of the cylinder, a hollowstem fastened to and commuiiimting with said pist-on, a compression head separating said chambers and connected to said stein, a valve van-1,.

regulated passageway leading through said compression head to said piston stem, as set forth. l, p

3. An internal combustion engine having a cylinder and a plurality of compression chambers, a hollow piston head within said cylinder and 'adapted to co1nrnunicate-with the latterv as the piston approaches its limit in opposite directions, a sparking plug adjacent to each end of the cylinder, a hollow .stem fastened to and communicating with said piston head, a compression head separat- .ing said chambers and connected to said stem, a valve regulated fuel passageway communicating with the compression chamber said'head provided with a port leading into .said hollow piston stem, a double valve mounted in 'an opening' in said compression head and adaptedto regulate communication between the compression chambers upon opl posite sides of the compression head, and the hollow piston, as set forth.

el. Any internal combustion engine having a cylinder and a plurality of compression chambers, a hollow piston head within said cylinder and adapted to communicate with the latter as the piston approaches its limit in opposite directions, a sparking plug adjacent to each end of-the cylinder, a hollow stem fastened to and communicating with said pistonhead, a compression head separating said chambers and connected to said stem, said compressionhead provided with a duct communicating with said hollow stem, a plug seated in an opening in said compression head, a double valve mounted in said plug and regulating ports leading through said plug, the latter being provided with an opening communicating with .the duct in l said head, and a valve regulated fuel passageway communicating with the compress sion chambers .above and Vbelow the compression head, as set forth;

- An internal. combustion engine having a cylinder and a plurality of compression chambers, a hollow piston head within said cylinder and adapted to communicate with the latter as the piston 'approaches its limit in opposite-directions, a sparking plug adja cent to each end of the cylinder, a hollow stem fastened 'toand communicating w'ith saidpiston, a compression head separating said chambers and connected to said stem, said compression head providedwith a duct communicating with said hollow stem, a hollow threaded plug mounted in an opening leading through the compressionhead, said plug having a circumferential opening cou'ununicating with said duct which communicates with the stem, a double suction and compression valve regulating openings in the ends of said plug, and a valve regulated fnel, passageway communicating with the compression chamberson o posite sides of the compression head, as set orth.

6. An internal combustion engine comprising a cylinder and a plurality of compression chambers, a hollow piston'mounted within said cylinder, a compression head se arating said compression chambers, a hollow piston stem 'astened to and communicating with said hollow piston and cnnectedto said compression head, said cylinder having a port opening in the wall thereof and adapted to form means of communication between a port adjacent to one end or the 'other of the hollow piston and thecylinder, as saidl hollow iston approaches its limit in opposite directions, a sparking plug adjacent to each end of the cylinder, and valve regulated mechanism for allowing a gaseous fuel to pass into said hollow stem, asset forth.

7. YAn internal combustion engine comprising a cylinder and a plurality .of compression chambers, a hollow piston mounted within said cylinder,l a' compression head separatin saidl compression chambers, a hollow iston stem fastened to and communicating with said hollow piston and connected to said compression head, said cylinder havin a port opening in the wall thereof an I adapted to Aform means of communication between a port adjacent to one end or the other of the hollow piston and the cylinder, as said hollow piston approaches its limit in opposite directions, a. sparking plug adjacent to each end of the cylinder, `said compression head having an opening therethrough with a duct leading through the wall of said opening and communicating with a hollow piston stem, a plug seated in said opening and having a circumferential aperture therein, avdouble valve carried by said plug, a fuel passageway communicating with the compress-ion chambers above and below said compression head, and a double valve'regulating said passageway, as set forth.

8. An internal combustion engine comprising a cylinder and a plurality of compression chambers, a hollow piston mounted within said cylinder, a compression head separating said compression chambers, a hollow piston stem fastened to and communicating with said hollow piston and connected to said compression head, said cylinder having a port opening in the wall thereof and adapted to form means of com.; munication between a pprt adjacent to one end or the other of the hollow piston and the cylinder, as said hollow piston approaches its limit in opposite directions, a

cylinder, said compression head having an opening therethrough with a duct leading through the wall of said opening and com"- municating with ay hollow piston stem, a

sparking plug' adjacent to each end-of the plug sented in Suid opening and having a eneumiereutlul aperture therein, a double vulve eurried by said plug, a hollow plug inounted'in said passageway, and n double vulve regulating` the openings in the plug witliin Suid passageway, as set forth.

S). An internal combustion engine having :i Cylinder and a plurality of compression chambers, u hollow piston within Said cylinder, u hollow stein fixed to and communicating with smid piston, a Valvecl piston Separating' the compression chambers und eonneeted to Suid stein, vulved passugewziys leading to the compression chambers and adapted to allow the gaseous fuel-to flow therein, and valves `in said Valved piston through which the fuel is allowed to pass into the hollow piston as it moves in opposite directions, thereby Serving to eoolythe cylinder, as set forth.

In testimony whereof I hereunto ailix my sigl'iature in the presence of two witnesses.

HAROLD LANDON JONES,

Vitnesses QT- I-l.. QTONES lV. lV. SWEET. 

